طراحی و اعتباریابی الگوی بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه‌ها در حوزه علوم انسانی و اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

In this study, the exploratory mixed-method approach was employed along with the qualitative grounded theory and a quantitative-descriptive correlational technique to design and validate an internationalization model for Iranian universities in humanities and social sciences. In the qualitative section, the participants included the experts and faculty members with relevant publications and experience of teaching at international universities and holding internationalization training courses. In this section, there were also the managers of international offices and the deans of international faculties of public universities in Tehran. The purposive sampling method was utilized to select twelve participants for in-depth interviews, which were continued until the data reached the theoretical saturation. The open, axial, and selective coding techniques were employed to analyze the qualitative data and finally identify six key components as the primary elements in the internationalization of universities: (1) causal factors, (2) major phenomenon, (3) contextual conditions, (4) environmental conditions, (5) internationalization strategies, and (6) the outcomes of internationalization for universities. Eventually, 18 categories of measurable variables were identified and classified under the above components. The research questionnaire was based on the qualitative findings. The stratified purposive sampling method was used for selecting 250 faculty members and PhD students in humanities and social sciences from Allameh Tabataba’i University, University of Tehran, Alzahra University, and Tarbiat Modares University. . The results of testing the quantitative model, developed from the hypotheses of the qualitative model, confirmed the generality of the paradigmatic model.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing and Validating a Model for Internationalizing Iranian Universities in Social Sciences and Humanities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sepideh Jafari 1
  • Hammid Rahimian 2
  • Abbas Abbaspour 2
1 Assistant Professor ,Department of Educational Management, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Associate professor, Department of Educational Planning and Management, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

پژوهش حاضر، به‌منظور طراحی و اعتبار یابی الگوی بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه‌های ایران در حوزه علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، با رویکرد آمیخته اکتشافی و بهره‌گیری از روش کیفی نظریه داده بنیاد و نیز روش کمی توصیفی از نوع همبستگی، انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش حاضر در بخش کیفی، صاحب‌نظران و اعضای هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه‌ها با آثار نوشتاری مرتبط، تجربه تدریس در دانشگاه‌های بین‌المللی و یا تجربه تدریس دوره‌های آموزشی مرتبط با بین‌المللی شدن، مدیران دفاتر بین‌المللی و رؤسای دانشکده‌های بین‌المللی در دانشگاه‌های دولتی شهر تهران بودند که تعداد 12 نفر از میان آن‌ها به‌صورت هدفمند جهت انجام مصاحبه عمیق انتخاب شدند و مصاحبه‌ها تا آنجا ادامه یافت که داده‌ها به اشباع نظری رسیدند. طی تحلیل داده‌های کیفی با استفاده از روش کدگذاری باز و محوری و گزینشی درنهایت 18 دسته از متغیرهای اندازه‌پذیر در قالب شش دسته کلی از مؤلفه‌ها شناسایی و تعریف شد که عبارت‌اند از 1) موجبات علی بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه‌ها، 2) پدیده اصلی، 3) شرایط زمینه‌ای، 4) شرایط مداخله‌گر، 5) راهبردها، و 6) پیامدها. بر مبنای یافته‌های حاصل از تجزیه‌وتحلیل‌های مرحله کیفی، پرسشنامه پژوهش طراحی شد و در نمونه آماری 250 نفر از اعضای هیئت‌علمی و دانشجویان مقطع دکتری رشته‌های علوم انسانی و اجتماعی در دانشگاه‌های علامه طباطبائی، تهران، الزهرا و تربیت مدرس که به روش نمونه‌گیری نسبتی طبقه‌ای انتخاب‌شده بودند، اجرا و داده‌های کمی پژوهش گردآوری شد. داده‌های کمی در قالب تحلیل توصیفی داده‌ها، تحلیل عاملی و معادلات ساختاری تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. نتایج آزمون مدل کمی، کلیت مدل پارادایمی را مورد تأیید قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • internationalization
  • universities
  • humanities and social sciences

مراجع

اصغری، فیروزه (1385). کنگره ملی آموزش عالی ایران. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
خراسانی، اباصلت و زمانی منش، حامد (1391). راهبردهای مؤثر در بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی ایران، فصلنامه راهبردهای آموزش، 5(3)، 183-189.
خواستار، حمزه (1388). ارائه روشی برای محاسبه پایایی مرحله کدگذاری در مصاحبه‌های پژوهشی، روش‌شناسی علوم انسانی (حوزه و دانشگاه)، 5، (58)، 174-161.
خورسندی طاسکوه، علی (1395). آموزش عالی بین‌المللی؛ استراتژی‌ها و شرایط امکان. تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی.
 
ذاکر صالحی، غلام‌رضا و صالحی نجف‌آبادی، مائده (1391). ارائه راهبردهایی برای جذب دانشجویان خارجی در ایران، آموزش عالی ایران، 4(3)، 92-65.
سرایی، حسن (1372). مقدمه‌ای بر نمونه‌گیری در تحقیق. تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی.
قاسم پور. دهاقانی، علی.، لیاقت دار، محمدجواد و جعفری، سید ابراهیم (1390). تحلیلی بر بومی‌سازی و بین‌المللی شدن برنامه درسی دانشگاه‌ها در عصر جهانی‌شدن، تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران، 4 (4)، 1-24.
Altbach, P. G. (2002) Knowledge and education as international commodities: The collapse of the common good. International Higher Education, 28, 2–5.
Atbakh, P. G. De wit, H. (2018). Are we facing a fundamen­tal challenge to higher edu­cation internationalization?. International Higher Education, 93, 2-4.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290.
Beelen, J., & Jones, E. (2015). Redefining internationalization at home. In A. Curai, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi & P. Scott (Eds.), The European higher education area: Between critical reflections and future policies (67-80). Dordrecht: Springer
Bordean, O. N., & Borza, A. (2013). Internationalization of higher education institutions: The Case of Romania. Journal of Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,92, 98 – 103.
Childress, L. (2010). In Pinar W. (Ed.), The twenty-first century university: Developing faculty engagement in internationalization (32nd ed.). New York: Peter Land
de Wit, H. (2002). In Altbach P. G. (Ed.), Internationalization of higher education in the United States of America and Europe. (1st ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
de Wit, H. (Ed.). (1995). Strategies of internationalization of higher education. (1st ed.). Amsterdam: European Association for International Education.
de Wit, H., Hunter, F., Howard, L., & Egron-Polak, E. (2015). Internationalisation of higher education. Brussels: European Parliament.
de Wit, H., & Knight, J. (1999). Quality and internationalisation in higher education. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. ISBN: 9789264170490.
Egron-Polak, E. (2011). Monitoring internationalization of higher education. International Higher Education, Spring(63), 2-3.
Fielden, J. (2008). The practice of internationalization: Managing international activities in UK universities. UK Higher Education International Unit.
Ghasempoor, A., Liaghatdar, M., Jafari, E. (2011). An Analysis on localization and Internationalization of Universities Curriculum in the Globalization Era. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 4(4), 1-24. doi: 10.7508/ijcr.2011.16.001(text in persian)
Green M, Eckel P, Barblan A. The brave new (and smaller) world of higher education: A transatlantic view. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.2002.
Hawawini, G. (2011), The internationalization of higher education institutions: A critical review and a radical proposal, October, http://ssrn.com/ abstract=1954697
Jackson, J. (2008). Globalization, internationalization and short-term stays abroad. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 349–358
Jiang, X. (2012). The internationalization of higher education in anera of globalization: A case study of a national research university in an emerging municipality in southwest china, Doctoral Dissertation, University of southern California.
Jibeen, T. & Asad Khan, M. (2015). Internationalization of Higher Education: Potential Benefits and Costs, International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 4(4), 196-199.
Khalid, J., Ali, A, J., Md. Islam, S., Khaleel, M., & Shu, Q, F. (2017). Internationalization as investment for higher education institutions: Introducing a framework to enhance.
Khastar (2009). A method for calculating coding reliability in qualitative research interviews. Methodol Soc Sci Hum. 58, 161-174.(text in persian)
Khorasani A, Zamani Manesh H. (2012). Effective strategies in internationalization of Universities and institutes of higher education in Iran. Educ Strategy Med Sci. 5 (3) :183-189. (text in persian)
Khorsandi Taskoh A. (2016). International Higher Education: Strategies and Feasibilty Conditions, compilation, Tehran: Institute for Social and Cultural Studies. (text in persian)
Knight, J. (2012). Five truths about internationalization. International Higher Education, Fall (69), 4.
Knight, J. (2006). Internationalization: Concepts, complexities and challenges. In J. Forest & P. Altbach (Eds.), International handbook of higher education (207–228). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Academic Publishers.
Knight, J. (1994). Internationalization: Elements and checkpoints. (CBIE Research Paper 7). Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Bureau for International Education.
Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5-31.
Knight, J. & De Wit, H. (Eds) (1997). Internationalization of higher education in Asia Pacific Countries. Amsterdam: European Association for International Education.
Kuhn, M., Weidemann, D. (2010). Internationalization of the social sciences: Introduction. In: Kuhn M, Weidemann, D (eds) Internationalization of the social sciences: Asia – Latin America – Middle East – Africa – Eurasia. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 11–19.
Leask, B., 2009. Using formal and informal curricula to improve interactions between home and international students. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 205-221. Available at:http://jsi.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1028315308329786.
Moriss, B. (2009). Internationalizing the university: Theory, practice, organization and execution, Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets, 1(1), 143-151.
Porfirio, G. V. (2012). Internationalization strategies in traditional higher educational institutions across the United States, Doctoral Dissertation, Esteves School of Education The Sage Colleges.
Rampelmann, K. (2005). What factors impact the internationalization of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences? Introduction. in: Rampelmann, K. (2005). What factors impact the internationalization of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences?: Arbeits- und Diskussionspapier, 5-6.
Rumbley, L. (2007). Internationalization in the universities of Spain: Opportunities, imperatives, and outcomes. (Unpublished PhD). Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
Sarai, H. An introduction to research sampling. Tehran, samt. 1994(text in persian)
Teichler, U. (2004). The changing debate on internationalisation of higher education. Higher Education, 48, 5-26.
van der Wende, M. (1996). Internationalising the curriculum in Dutch higher education: An international comparative perspective. (Unpublished Ph.D.). Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Van der wende, M., & Kalvemark, T. (1997). National policies for the internationalisation of higher education in Europe. Stockholm: National Agency for Higher Education.
Wächter, B. (2003). An introduction: internationalisation at home in context, Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(1), 5-11.
Wadhwa, R. (2016). New phase of internationalization of higher education and institutional change, Higher Education for the Future, 3(2) 227–246.
Zakersalehi, GH., Salehi najafabadi, M. (2012). Eraeye rahbordhaei baraye jazb daneshjoyan khareji dar iran, Journal of Iranian Higher Education, 4(3), 65-92. (text in Persian)
 
اصغری، فیروزه (1385). کنگره ملی آموزش عالی ایران. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
خراسانی، اباصلت و زمانی منش، حامد (1391). راهبردهای مؤثر در بین‌المللی شدن دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی ایران، فصلنامه راهبردهای آموزش، 5(3)، 183-189.
خواستار، حمزه (1388). ارائه روشی برای محاسبه پایایی مرحله کدگذاری در مصاحبه‌های پژوهشی، روش‌شناسی علوم انسانی (حوزه و دانشگاه)، 5، (58)، 174-161.
خورسندی طاسکوه، علی (1395). آموزش عالی بین‌المللی؛ استراتژی‌ها و شرایط امکان. تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی.
 
ذاکر صالحی، غلام‌رضا و صالحی نجف‌آبادی، مائده (1391). ارائه راهبردهایی برای جذب دانشجویان خارجی در ایران، آموزش عالی ایران، 4(3)، 92-65.
سرایی، حسن (1372). مقدمه‌ای بر نمونه‌گیری در تحقیق. تهران: سازمان مطالعه و تدوین کتب علوم انسانی.
قاسم پور. دهاقانی، علی.، لیاقت دار، محمدجواد و جعفری، سید ابراهیم (1390). تحلیلی بر بومی‌سازی و بین‌المللی شدن برنامه درسی دانشگاه‌ها در عصر جهانی‌شدن، تحقیقات فرهنگی ایران، 4 (4)، 1-24.
Altbach, P. G. (2002) Knowledge and education as international commodities: The collapse of the common good. International Higher Education, 28, 2–5.
Atbakh, P. G. De wit, H. (2018). Are we facing a fundamen­tal challenge to higher edu­cation internationalization?. International Higher Education, 93, 2-4.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290.
Beelen, J., & Jones, E. (2015). Redefining internationalization at home. In A. Curai, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi & P. Scott (Eds.), The European higher education area: Between critical reflections and future policies (67-80). Dordrecht: Springer
Bordean, O. N., & Borza, A. (2013). Internationalization of higher education institutions: The Case of Romania. Journal of Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,92, 98 – 103.
Childress, L. (2010). In Pinar W. (Ed.), The twenty-first century university: Developing faculty engagement in internationalization (32nd ed.). New York: Peter Land
de Wit, H. (2002). In Altbach P. G. (Ed.), Internationalization of higher education in the United States of America and Europe. (1st ed.). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
de Wit, H. (Ed.). (1995). Strategies of internationalization of higher education. (1st ed.). Amsterdam: European Association for International Education.
de Wit, H., Hunter, F., Howard, L., & Egron-Polak, E. (2015). Internationalisation of higher education. Brussels: European Parliament.
de Wit, H., & Knight, J. (1999). Quality and internationalisation in higher education. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. ISBN: 9789264170490.
Egron-Polak, E. (2011). Monitoring internationalization of higher education. International Higher Education, Spring(63), 2-3.
Fielden, J. (2008). The practice of internationalization: Managing international activities in UK universities. UK Higher Education International Unit.
Ghasempoor, A., Liaghatdar, M., Jafari, E. (2011). An Analysis on localization and Internationalization of Universities Curriculum in the Globalization Era. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 4(4), 1-24. doi: 10.7508/ijcr.2011.16.001(text in persian)
Green M, Eckel P, Barblan A. The brave new (and smaller) world of higher education: A transatlantic view. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.2002.
Hawawini, G. (2011), The internationalization of higher education institutions: A critical review and a radical proposal, October, http://ssrn.com/ abstract=1954697
Jackson, J. (2008). Globalization, internationalization and short-term stays abroad. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 349–358
Jiang, X. (2012). The internationalization of higher education in anera of globalization: A case study of a national research university in an emerging municipality in southwest china, Doctoral Dissertation, University of southern California.
Jibeen, T. & Asad Khan, M. (2015). Internationalization of Higher Education: Potential Benefits and Costs, International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 4(4), 196-199.
Khalid, J., Ali, A, J., Md. Islam, S., Khaleel, M., & Shu, Q, F. (2017). Internationalization as investment for higher education institutions: Introducing a framework to enhance.
Khastar (2009). A method for calculating coding reliability in qualitative research interviews. Methodol Soc Sci Hum. 58, 161-174.(text in persian)
Khorasani A, Zamani Manesh H. (2012). Effective strategies in internationalization of Universities and institutes of higher education in Iran. Educ Strategy Med Sci. 5 (3) :183-189. (text in persian)
Khorsandi Taskoh A. (2016). International Higher Education: Strategies and Feasibilty Conditions, compilation, Tehran: Institute for Social and Cultural Studies. (text in persian)
Knight, J. (2012). Five truths about internationalization. International Higher Education, Fall (69), 4.
Knight, J. (2006). Internationalization: Concepts, complexities and challenges. In J. Forest & P. Altbach (Eds.), International handbook of higher education (207–228). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Academic Publishers.
Knight, J. (1994). Internationalization: Elements and checkpoints. (CBIE Research Paper 7). Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Bureau for International Education.
Knight, J. (2004). Internationalization remodeled: Definition, approaches, and rationales. Journal of Studies in International Education, 8(1), 5-31.
Knight, J. & De Wit, H. (Eds) (1997). Internationalization of higher education in Asia Pacific Countries. Amsterdam: European Association for International Education.
Kuhn, M., Weidemann, D. (2010). Internationalization of the social sciences: Introduction. In: Kuhn M, Weidemann, D (eds) Internationalization of the social sciences: Asia – Latin America – Middle East – Africa – Eurasia. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 11–19.
Leask, B., 2009. Using formal and informal curricula to improve interactions between home and international students. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 205-221. Available at:http://jsi.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1028315308329786.
Moriss, B. (2009). Internationalizing the university: Theory, practice, organization and execution, Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets, 1(1), 143-151.
Porfirio, G. V. (2012). Internationalization strategies in traditional higher educational institutions across the United States, Doctoral Dissertation, Esteves School of Education The Sage Colleges.
Rampelmann, K. (2005). What factors impact the internationalization of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences? Introduction. in: Rampelmann, K. (2005). What factors impact the internationalization of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences?: Arbeits- und Diskussionspapier, 5-6.
Rumbley, L. (2007). Internationalization in the universities of Spain: Opportunities, imperatives, and outcomes. (Unpublished PhD). Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA.
Sarai, H. An introduction to research sampling. Tehran, samt. 1994(text in persian)
Teichler, U. (2004). The changing debate on internationalisation of higher education. Higher Education, 48, 5-26.
van der Wende, M. (1996). Internationalising the curriculum in Dutch higher education: An international comparative perspective. (Unpublished Ph.D.). Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Van der wende, M., & Kalvemark, T. (1997). National policies for the internationalisation of higher education in Europe. Stockholm: National Agency for Higher Education.
Wächter, B. (2003). An introduction: internationalisation at home in context, Journal of Studies in International Education, 7(1), 5-11.
Wadhwa, R. (2016). New phase of internationalization of higher education and institutional change, Higher Education for the Future, 3(2) 227–246.
Zakersalehi, GH., Salehi najafabadi, M. (2012). Eraeye rahbordhaei baraye jazb daneshjoyan khareji dar iran, Journal of Iranian Higher Education, 4(3), 65-92. (text in Persian)
 

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