Provideing a Native Pattern of Caring Leadership for School Principals

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Student of Educational administration, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

2 Faculty of Education, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.

3 Associate Professor of Educational Management, University of Kurdistan , Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

The present study was conducted to present the indigenous model of care for high school principals. The research method was descriptive-survey with emphasis on structural equations. The statistical population of the study included all principals, teachers of secondary schools in Sanandaj in the academic year 1396-97 (2477 people). To validate the model, 350 people were selected using Cochran's sampling formula by cluster random sampling method. The instrument used was the researcher-made scale scale based on the network of qualitative research topics. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 92. Formal validity and its content were confirmed by experts. Data analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the model using SPSS and AMOS software. The research results showed: The developed model of care for school principals has good fitness characteristics and all the components of the proposed model have structural validity.

Keywords


Ancess, J. (2003). Beating the odds: High schools as communities of commitment. New York, NY: Teachers College Press
Antrop-Gonzalez, R. & De Jesus, A. (2006). Toward a theory of critical care in urban small school reform: Examining structures and pedagogies of caring in two Latino community-based schools. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 19, 409-433.
Asgari Mobarakeh, A. & Karimi, F. (2016). Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Perceived Organizational Support with Nursing Burnout. Journal of Nursing Research, 11(5), 41-47(text in persian).
Babnik, K., Širca, N. T. & Dermol, V. (2015). individuals Learning in Work Teams: Support to Knowledge Management Initiatives and an Important Source of rganizational Learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,124, 178-185.
Blustein, J. (1991). Care and commitment. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Beck, L. G. (1994). Reclaiming educational administration as a caring profession. NewYork, NY: Teachers College Press.
Crosnoe, R. (2011). Fitting in, standing out: Navigating the social challenges of high school to get an education. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Cherian, F. & Daniel, Y. (2008), Principal leadership in new teacher induction: Becoming agents of change. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 3(2): 1-11.
Carter, H. M. (2012). Institutionalization of caring in an era of accountability: Creating a supportive environment for at-risk students’ retention in high school and access to college. The New Educator, 8(2), 177–193.
Dastan, N., Ensafdaran, F. & Shahbazi, M. & Rafahi, J. (2016). Investigating the Predictive Predictive Factors in Creating Trust in the Relationships between Directors and Teachers of High Schools of High School Girls. Quarterly Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 7 (1) 62-47 (text in persian).
Demaray, M. K. & Malecki, C. K. (2002). The relationship between perceived social support and maladjustment for students at risk. Psychology in the Schools, 39, 305-316.
Fast, N. J., Burris, E. R. & Bartel, C. A. (2014). Managing to stay in the dark: Managerial selfefficacy, ego defensiveness, and the aversion to employee voice. Academy of anagement Journal, 57 (4), 1013–1034.
Gronn, P. (2002). The new work of educational leaders: Changing leadership practice in an era of school reform. London: Paul Chapman.
Goddard, R. D., Salloum, S. J. & Berebitsky, D. (2009). Trust as a mediator of the relationships between poverty, racial composition, and academic achievement: Evidence from Michigan’s public elementary schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45, 292-311.
Pellicer, L. O. (2008). Caring enough to lead: How reflective practice leads to moral leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Jackson, Y. & Warren, J. S. (2000). Appraisal, social support, and life events: Predicting outcome behavior in school-age children. Child development, 71(5):1441-57
 Pourghaz, A. & Salehirad, S. (2016). Organizational Support and its Relationship with Quality of Working Life of Power Department Staff in Zabol City. Public Administration Research,6(32), 97-116 (text in persian).
Larrabee, M. (1992). An ethic of care: Feminist and interdisciplinary perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge.
Lambert, L. (2006). Lasting leadership: A study of high leadership capacity schools. The Educational Forum, 70(3), 238-254.
Li, Y. & Sun, J. M. (2015). Traditional Chines leadership and employee voice behavior: A crosslevel examination. The Leadership Quarterly, 26, 172–189.
Louis, K., Murphy, J. & Smylie, M. (2016). Caring Leadership in Schools: Findings from Exploratory Analyses. Educational Administration Quarterl, 52(2) 310–348.
Louis, K. S., Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K., Anderson, S. A. & Michlin, M. (2010). Learning from leadership: Investigating the links to improved student learning. New York, NY: Wallace Foundation.
Lyman, L. L. (2000). How do they you care: The principal’s challenge. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Mayeroff, M. (1971). On caring. New York, NY: Harper Perennial.
Miller, G. (2016). Empowering Communities: Ella Baker’s Decentralized Leadership Style and Conversational Eloquence. Southern Communication Journal , 81 (3),156-167.
Mir Kamali, S. M(2015). Human relations in the school. Tehran: Eustaron(text in persian).
Murphy, J. & Torres, D. (2014). Creating productive cultures in schools for students, teachers, and parents. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Nazari, A., Hasani, R. & SHirbagi, N. (2018). Caring Leadership in Schools: Findings From Exploratory Analyses. Journal of Schoole administration, 6(2) 305-324 (text in persian).
Noddings, N. (2005). The challenge to care in schools: An alternative approach to education (2nd ed). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Noddings, N. (2013). Caring: A relationship approach to ethics and moral education (2nd ed). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Nell, K. R. (2012). Balancing accountability with caring relationships: The influence of leadership styles on the behaviors of secondary school administrators (Doctoral dissertation). Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Full Text, http://eric. ed. gov/?id=ED541948.
Nyukorong, R. (2016). Leadership, Learning Organization And Job Satisfaction In Ghanaian Telecommunications Companies. European Scientific Journal October, 12 (29)29.
Opdenakker, M., Maulana, R. & Brock, P. (2012). Teacher-student interpersonal relationships and academic motivation within one school year: Developmental changes and linkage. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 21, 95-199.
Rees, C., Alfes, K., & Gatenby, M. (2013). Employee voice and engagement: Connections and consequences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24 (14), 2780–2798.
Rivera-McCutchen, R. L. (2012). Caring in a small urban high school: A complicated success. Urban Education, 47, 653-680.
Ross, D. J. & Cozzens, J. A. (2016). The Principal ship: Essential Core Competencies for Instructional Leadership and Its Impact on School Climate. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 4(9): 162-176.
Rodriguez, L. (2007). Teachers know you can do more: Understanding how school cultures of success affect urban high school students. Educational Policy, 22(5), 758–780.
Rozaini, R., Norailis, W. & Aida, B. (2015) Roles of Organizational Support in Quality of Work Life in Insurance Industry. Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 3 (8),753-757.
Sarmad, Z. &  Bazargan, A. &   Hejazi, E.(2011). Research Methods in Behavioral Sciences. Tehran. Agah. in Persian
Sergiovanni, T. J. (1994). Rethinking leadership: A collection of articles. Arlington Heights, IL: Skylight Training and Publications.
Starratt, R. J. (1997). Administering meaning, administering community, administering excellence: The new fundamentals of educational administration. New York, NY: Merrill.
Tabakhnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.), Boston: Allyn & Bocon.
Valenzuela. (1999). Subtractive schooling. Albany, New York, NY: SUNY Press.
Wagner, A, T. & Allen, D. (2016). Accountable for Care: Cultivating Caring School Communities in Urban High Schools. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 15(4), 406-447.
Wang, W. T. & Hou, Y. P. (2015). Motivations of employees’ knowledge sharing behaviors: A self-determination perspective. Information and Organization, 25 (1), 1-26.
Weissberg, R. P. & O’Brien, M. U. (2004). What works in school-based social and emotional learning programs for positive youth development. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591, 86-97.
Weil, S. (1951). Waiting for God. New York, NY: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
Wood, A. L. (2005), The importance of principals: Site administrators' roles in novice teacher induction. American Secondary Education, 33(2), 39-62.
Yadav, M. & Rangnekar, S. (2015). Supervisory support and organizational citizenship behavior: Mediating role of participation in decision making and job satisfaction. Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 3 (3), 258 – 278
Yassini, A,. Salat Talab, A. & Shir Ali, I. (2016). Investigating Relationship between Human Resources Strategies, Organizational Commitment and Perceived Organizational Support among Judiciary Staff. Strategic Quarterly, 24(77) 325-307(text in persian).