The Effect of Smart Schools on Computer Anxiety, Self-regulation and Academic Performance of High School Students Comparing with Non-Smart Schools

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The present research aimed at investigating the effect of smart schools on computer anxiety, self-regulation and academic performance of high school students comparing with that of non-smart schools. Causal-comparative method of research was used. The instruments used for collecting the data were computer anxiety (CARS), self-regulation and Dortaj academic performance. The population was all Yazd first grade high school students in the academic year of 2012-2013. The sample consisted of 102 smart school students that were selected through complete enumeration method and 102 non-smart students selected by matching (matched by gender, parental education and socioeconomic status). Data analysis was performed via both descriptive (descriptive statistics indicators) and inferential statistics (t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient). The results showed that there was a difference between smart and non-smart schools in computer anxiety, self-regulation and academic performance. There was a positive significant correlation between self-regulation and academic performance variables, a negative correlation between self-regulation and computer anxiety and no significant correlation between computer anxiety and academic performance. Concluding, the application of new technologies in smart schools can solve many educational problems

Keywords


اشعری، نرگس؛ شفیع آبادی، عبدالله و سودانی، منصور (1389). بررسی اثربخشی آموزش راهبردهای یادگیری بر عملکرد تحصیلی و یادگیری خودتنظیم دانش‌آموزان دختر دوره پیش دانشگاهی شهر اهواز. یافته‌های نو در روان‌شناسی، 5(13)، 22-7.
پاشایی، زهره.، تقی پور، ابراهیم و خوش‌کنش، ابوالقاسم (1388). تأثیر آموزش مهارت­های مقابله با هیجان­ها در اضطراب امتحان و عملکرد تحصیلی دختران دبیرستانی. فصلنامه روان­شناسی کاربردی، 3 (4)، 20-7.
جبلی، امجد (1384). رابطه سبک مقابله با خودتنظیمی در یادگیری و مقایسه آن در دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر سال سوم راهنمایی در مناطق 7 و 8. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، واحد تهران-مرکز.
حسینی، حسین (1383). بررسی اثر بخشی آموزش سبک سالم زندگی بر عملکرد تحصیلی دانشجویان مشروط و غیر مشروط دانشگاه کاشان. پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان.
درتاج، فریبرز (1383). بررسی تأثیر شبیه سازی ذهنی فرایندی و فرآورده‌ای بر بهبود عملکرد تحصیلی دانشجویان، ساخت و اعتباریابی آزمون عملکرد تحصیلی. رساله دکترای روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی.
دلاور، علی (1384) مبانی نظری و عملی پژوهش در علوم انسانی و اجتماع. چ 6، تهران: رشد.
رحیمی، مهرک و یداللهی، سمانه (1390). رابطة اضطراب رایانة دانش‌آموزان دورة متوسطه با رشته تحصیلی، جنسیّت و پیشرفت درسی زبان انگلیسی. فصلنامه نوآوری‌های آموزشی، 10(39)، 73-51.
زمانی، بی‌بی عشرت.، قصاب‌پور، بیتا و جبل‌عاملی،جلال (1385). بررسی نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت‌ها و تهدیدهای فراروی مدارس هوشمند، فصلنامه نوآوری‌های آموزشی، 9(36)، 99-79.
شمس، بهروز و فرشیدفر، مصطفی (1374). بررسی مقایسه‌ای ویژگی‌های دموگرافیک و روان‌شناختی دانشجویان مشروط دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان. برنامه و خلاصه مقالات دومین کنگرة سراسری آموزش پزشکی شهید بهشتی، 30-1.
شهامت، فاطمه.، کدیور، پروین و فرزاد، ولی­اله (1387). سبک‌های شناختی و خودتنظیمی در محیط یادگیری به کمک کامپیوتر و مقایسه آن با محیط‌های سنتی. فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت، 94، 57-41.
عبادی، رحیم (1383). فناوری اطلاعات و آموزش و پرورش. چ2، تهران: عروج.
کدیور، پروین (1380). بررسی خودکارآمدی، خودگردانی و هوش در پیشرفت درسی دانش­آموزان به منظور الگویی برای یادگیری بهینه. تهران: پژوهشکده تعلیم و تربیت.
کریمی، آصف و مختار نیا، محمد (1385). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر کاربرد فناوری اطلاعاتی و ارتباطی (ICT) توسط آموزشگران در هنرستان‌های فنی و حرفه‌ای کشاورزی، مطالعه موردی استان زنجان. مجله علوم کشاورزی، 58، 332-321.
مشهدی، مهدی؛ رضوانفر، احمد و یعقوبی، جعفر (1386) عوامل مؤثر بر کاربرد فناوری اطلاعات توسط اعضای هیئت علمی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران. فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه‌ریزی در آموزش عالی، 44، 168- 151.
یونسکو (1384). فناوری‌های اطلاعات و ارتباطات در عرصة آموزش معلمان، ترجمة محمد شهاب شمس. چ1، تهران: کمیسیون ملی یونسکو در ایران.
Alci, B., Erden, M., & Baykal, A. (2010). Explanatory and predictive pattem of university students mathematics achievement and their perceived problem solving abilities, self- efficacy perceptions, metacognitive self- regulation strategies, and national university entrance examination points. Bogazici University Journal Education, 25(2), 53-68.
Atkinson, S. (2004). Acomparison of pupil learning and achievement in computer aided learning and traditionally taught situations with special reference to cognitive style and general Issue. Educational Psychology, 24(5), 659-679.
Beckers, J. J., & Schmidt, H. (2001). The Structure of computer anxiety: A six- factore model. Computers in Human Behavior, 17(1), 35-49.
Bembenutty, H. (2008). Self- regulation of learning and academic delay of gratification: gender and ethnic differences among college students. Journal of advanced Academics, 18(4), 586- 616.
Brosnan, M. J. (1998). The impact of psychology gender, gender- related perceptions, significant others, and the introducer of technology upon computer anxiety in students. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 18, 63-78.
Brown, S., Fuller, R., & Vician, C. (2004). Who’s afraid of the virtual world? Anxiety and computer mediated communication. Journal of the Association for Iinformation Systems, 5, 99-107.
Caliskan, S., & Selcuk, G. S. (2010). Pre- service teachers use of self- regulation strategies in physics problem solving: effects of gender and academic achievement. Internationl Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(12), 1926-1938.
Chua, S. L., Chen, D. T., & Wong, A. L. (1999). Computer anxiety and its correlaters: meta- analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(5), 609-623.
Cohen, B. A., & Waugh, G. W. (1989). Assessing computer anxiety. Psychological Reports, 65, 735–738.
De Jong, F. (2005). Regulative processes in individual, 3D and computer supported cooprative learning contexts. Computesr in Human Behavior, 21(4), 26-645.
Durnell, A., & Haag, Z. (2002). Computer self- efficacy, computer anxiety, attitudes toward the internal and reported experience with the internet, by gender, in an East European sample. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 521-535.
Ee, Moore, P.J., & Atputhasamy, L. (2003). High- achieving student: their Motivational goals, self- regulation and achievement and relationship to their teachers goals and strategy- based instruction. High Ability Studies, 14(1), 23-39.
Glass, C. R., & Knight, L. A. (1988). Cognitive factors in computer anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 12(4), 351-366.
Gordon, M., Killey, M., Shevlin, M., Mcilroy, D., & Tierney, K. (2003). The factor structure of the computer anxiety rating scale and the computer thoughts survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 19, 291-298.
Hosseinpoor, L., Allahvirdiyani, K., Momenirad, A., & Mohammdjami, H. (2011). Comparing educational self- concept & rate of learning in the students of normal and smart high schools in Tehran. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 3002-3004.
Imhof, M., Vollmeyer, R., & Beierlein, C. (2007). Computer use and the gender gap: The issue of access, use, motivation, and performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 2823-2837.
Johnson, R. D., & Marakas, G. M. (2000). Research report: the role of behavioral modeling in computer skills acquisition- toward refinement of the model. Information Systems Research, 11(4), 402-417.
Kamariah, A. B., Samsilah, R., Wong, S., & Petri Zabariah Megat, A. (2013). Self-Regulated Learning in Malaysian Smart Schools: The Environmental and Personal Determinants. Faculty of Education, University Putra Malaysia.
Lateh, H., & Muniandy, V. (2010). ICT implemntation among malaysian schools: GIS, obstacles and opportunities. Procedia Social Behavioral Sciences, 2, 2846-2850.
Lindemann, R., & Duek, J. L. (2001). A comparison of changes in dental students and medical students approaches learning during professional training. EurJ Dent Educ, 5(4), 162-167.
Mcilroy, D., Sadler, C., & Boojawon, N. (2007). Computer phobia and computer self- efficacy: their association with undergraduates use of university computer facilities. Computers in Human Behavior, 6, 1285-1299.
Ministry of Education (2002). The Smart school project of Malaysia: Important information KuaLampur education technologies. Ministry of Education: Malaysia.
Nikos, M., & Gorge, P. (2005). Students motivational beliefs self- regulation strategies use, and mathematics achievement. Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 3, 321-328.
Peggy A. E., & Schunk, D. H. (1997). Self- regulation during computer skills learning: the influence of goals and self- evaluation. American Education Research Association.
Pelgrum,W. J., & Law, N. (2003). ICT in education around the world: trends, problems and prospects. International Institute for Educational Planning.
Rahimi, M., Yadollahi, S. (2011). Success in learning english as a foreign as a predictor of computer anxiety. Precedia Computer Science, 3, 175-182.
Rosen, L. D., & Weil, M. M (1992). Measuring technophobia. A manual for the adminstration and scoring of three instruments: computer anxiety rating scale (form C), general attitudeds toward computers scale (form C) and computer thoughts survey (form C). US: California State University Dominguez Hills press.
Salimi, L., & Ghonooodi, A. (2012). The study of functional elements of management system in smart schools. Procedia Social Behavioral Sciences, 31, 140-144.
Sandholtz J. H. Ringstaff C & Dwyer D.C. (1994). Student Engagement Revisited:view from Technology-Rich classrooms. Available at: http://www.apple.com/education/ k12/leadership.
Selwyn, N. (2000). Researching computers and education: glimpses of the wider picture. Computers and Education, 34, 93-101.
Umar, I. N., & Jalil, N. A. (2012). ICT skills, practices and barriers of its use among secondary school students. Procedia Social Behavioral Sciences, 46, 5672-5676.
Wang. Y. (2007). Development and validation of a mobile computer anxiety scale. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38, 990-1009.
Whipp, J. L., & Chiarelli, S. (2004). Self-regulation in a web-based course: a casestudy. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52(4), 5-22.
Yaghoubi, J. & Shamsai, E. (2004, May). Assessing effective factors in using internet by faculty members of agricultural college students of Zanjan University, Iran. In J. F. Phelan (Ed), Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference, (pp. 604-608).