spiritual education through postmodern thoughts

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Mazandaran university doctoral student in higher education

Abstract

Through emersion of philosophical schools and new thinking approaches in education arena like postmodernism and post structuralism, some challenges emerge in front of human education specially his/her spiritual education. We intend to explain postmodern spirituality and spiritual education’s place, components and indicators by descriptive – analytic approach. First we try to access a partly comprehensive concept for spirituality and spiritual education, then to clarify its semantic scope and conceptual differentiation with some near arenas like religious and moral education, finally to specify postmodern special attitude toward spiritual education. Findings showed according to postmodern humanistic regard, everything solution even spiritual need refers to humanism, secularism and material benefits. spirituality is a means to the human temporary and present peacefulness (false comfort). But real spiritual education should release human beings from ego-centrism and makes them humane and sympathetic about each other. In addition based on postmodern secular worldview, rather worldly goals are important, from postmodern viewpoint religion and commandments have no special place just as means for material and worldly interests.

Keywords


Bridger, F. (2001). Desperately seeking what? Engaging with the new spiritual quest. Journal of Christian Education, 44(1), 7–14.
 Carr, David & Haldane, John. (2003). “Spirituality, Philosophy and Education” published in the USA and Canada by Routledge Falmer.
Coles, R. (1991). the Spiritual Life of Children, ISBN: 9780547524641, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing, 1991.
 De Souza, M. (2009). Spirituality and well-being. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 14(3): 181–184.
 Emmons, R. A. (1999). The psychology of ultimate concerns: motivation and spirituality in personality,New York, The Guilford Press.
 Heim Brock, H. (2004). Beyond Secularization: Experiences of the Sacred in education. Journal of moral education.5.162-171
 Hill, B. V. (1990). A time to Search: Spiritual Development in the Classroom’’, Christian Education, N36, pp.5-22.
Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., II, Hood, R. W., Jr, McCullough, M. E., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., et al. (2000). Conceptualising Religion and Spirituality: Points of Commonality, Points of Departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 30(1): 51-77.
 Kekes, John (1995). “The Morality of Pluralism”, New Jersey: Princton University Press.
 Kessler, R. J. (2000). The Soul of Education: Helping students Fine Connection, Compassion, and Character at School. Alenxandria. VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Lyotard, Jean Francois, (1984). The Postmodern Condition: A Repotr on Knowledge, trans. Geoff Brnnington and Brian Massumi, Manchester, Manchester University Press
 Miller, J. (1993). Spiritual education. In C. L. Flake (Ed.), Holistic education: principles, perspectives and practices (A book of readings based on Education 2000: A holistic perspective) (pp. 228–233).
 Miller, R. (1999). Holistic Education for an Emerging Culture. In S. Glazer (Ed). The Heart of Learning: Spirituality in Education (pp. 189-201). New York: Teacher/Putnam.
 Miller.G.P. (2010). Education and the Soul: Toward a spiritual curriculum. Translated by Nader Quli Ghoorchian. Tehran: Publications of thinking metacognition.
Mitroff, I., & Denton, E. (1999). a Study of Spirituality in the Workplace. Sloan Management Review, 40(4): 83-92. 1999.
Oxford English Dictionary, (2006). Sixth edition, Oxford New York, Oxford University Press
Slattery, P. (2006). Curriculum development in the postmodern era. New York: Garland.
Solomon, D.L. (2000). Toward a postmodern agenda in instructional technology. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48(4): 5–20.
 Tisdell, E. (2003). Exploring spirituality and culture in adult and higher education. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
 Trousdale, A.M. (2004). black and white fire: the inter play of stories imagination and children's spirituality. International journal of children's spirituality.2-177-188.
Vaughan, F. (1991). Spritual issue in psychotherapy, Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 23, 105-119.
 Young, C. & Koopsen, C. (2010). Spirituality, Health, and Healing: An Integrative Approach, Jones & Bartlett Learning Publisher.
 Zhang, K. C. (2010). Spirituality and disability: Implications for special education. Developmental Disabilities, 48(4): 299–302. doi:10.1352/1934-9556-48.4.299.
 Zhang, K. C. (2013). Through a Spiritual Lens: Early Childhood Inclusive Education in Hong Kong, J Relig Health.